History and Background

iSimangaliso is often described as a place where the “miracles of nature” converge. It is home to some of the world’s most iconic wildlife: the largest nesting sea turtle (the leatherback), Africa’s largest population of hippos, the rare coelacanth (the world’s oldest living fish), the African rhino (the world’s oldest land mammal), the mighty elephant (the largest land mammal), and migrating whales (the largest marine mammals). Lions, crocodiles, and more than 520 bird species - including seasonal visitors from Europe and Asia such as the ringed plover, sandpiper, and little stint - further enrich this natural wonderland. But iSimangaliso is more than a sanctuary for biodiversity. It also tells a deeply human story. Archaeological evidence reveals that people have lived in and around the Park for thousands of years, making it a place of cultural as well as ecological significance. When the Park was proclaimed, an overwhelming 99% of its land was under claim. Instead of sidelining communities, iSimangaliso pioneered inclusive conservation, integrating land claim settlements and ensuring that local people are active beneficiaries of the Park. Through initiatives supporting crafters, cultural performers, and small-scale tourism operators, many livelihoods have been sustained and strengthened. Today, iSimangaliso stands as a global model for conservation that uplifts communities while protecting nature. In August 2019, the Park expanded its Marine Protected Area, making iSimangaliso the largest World Heritage Site in South Africa. It is also the country’s only marine World Heritage Site, incorporating its biggest Marine Protected Area - and uniquely, the only Transfrontier MPA that extends into Mozambique’s protected waters.